water-management-system/deploy/production/nginx/nginx.conf

# ============================================================
# 生产环境 Nginx 配置
# 支持 HTTPS, HTTP/2, 安全 headers, 限流, WebSocket
# ============================================================

user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;

events {
    worker_connections 4096;
    multi_accept on;
    use epoll;
}

http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    # ==================== 日志格式 ====================
    log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                    '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                    '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" '
                    'rt=$request_time';

    log_format json escape=json '{'
        '"time":"$time_iso8601",'
        '"remote_addr":"$remote_addr",'
        '"request":"$request",'
        '"status":$status,'
        '"body_bytes_sent":$body_bytes_sent,'
        '"referer":"$http_referer",'
        '"user_agent":"$http_user_agent",'
        '"request_time":$request_time,'
        '"upstream_response_time":"$upstream_response_time"'
    '}';

    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log json;

    # ==================== 基础优化 ====================
    sendfile           on;
    tcp_nopush         on;
    tcp_nodelay        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    keepalive_requests 1000;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;
    server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
    client_max_body_size 50m;
    client_body_buffer_size 128k;

    # ==================== Gzip 压缩 ====================
    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_proxied any;
    gzip_comp_level 6;
    gzip_buffers 16 8k;
    gzip_http_version 1.1;
    gzip_min_length 1024;
    gzip_types
        text/plain
        text/css
        text/xml
        text/javascript
        application/json
        application/javascript
        application/x-javascript
        application/xml
        application/xml+rss
        application/vnd.ms-fontobject
        font/opentype
        image/svg+xml
        image/x-icon;

    # ==================== 限流配置 ====================
    # 全局 API 限流: 每秒 30 个请求
    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=api_limit:10m rate=30r/s;
    # 登录接口限流: 每分钟 10 个请求
    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=login_limit:10m rate=10r/m;
    # WebSocket 连接数限制
    limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=ws_conn_limit:10m;

    # ==================== 上游服务 ====================
    upstream gateway {
        server wm-gateway:8080;
        keepalive 32;
    }

    # ==================== HTTP → HTTPS 跳转 ====================
    server {
        listen 80;
        listen [::]:80;
        server_name _;

        # Let's Encrypt 验证路径
        location /.well-known/acme-challenge/ {
            root /var/www/certbot;
            allow all;
        }

        # 其余请求全部 301 跳转到 HTTPS
        location / {
            return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
        }
    }

    # ==================== HTTPS 主服务 ====================
    server {
        listen 443 ssl http2;
        listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
        server_name _;

        # ==================== SSL 证书 ====================
        # Let's Encrypt 证书路径（使用 certbot 自动生成）
        ssl_certificate     /etc/letsencrypt/live/${DOMAIN}/fullchain.pem;
        ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/${DOMAIN}/privkey.pem;
        ssl_trusted_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/${DOMAIN}/chain.pem;

        # SSL 优化
        ssl_session_timeout 1d;
        ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:50m;
        ssl_session_tickets off;

        # SSL 协议和加密套件
        ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
        ssl_ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;

        # OCSP Stapling
        ssl_stapling on;
        ssl_stapling_verify on;
        resolver 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 valid=300s;
        resolver_timeout 5s;

        # ==================== 安全 Headers ====================
        add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains; preload" always;
        add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
        add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
        add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
        add_header Referrer-Policy "strict-origin-when-cross-origin" always;
        add_header Permissions-Policy "camera=(), microphone=(), geolocation=()" always;
        add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self'; script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval'; style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; img-src 'self' data: https:; font-src 'self' data:; connect-src 'self' wss: ws: https:; frame-ancestors 'self';" always;

        # 隐藏 Nginx 版本
        server_tokens off;

        # ==================== 前端静态资源 ====================
        root /usr/share/nginx/html;
        index index.html;

        location / {
            try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;

            # HTML 文件不缓存（确保更新及时生效）
            location ~* \.html$ {
                expires -1;
                add_header Cache-Control "no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate";
            }
        }

        # 静态资源长期缓存（带 hash 的文件名）
        location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico|svg|woff|woff2|ttf|eot|map)$ {
            expires 1y;
            add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
            access_log off;
        }

        # ==================== API 反向代理 ====================
        location /api/ {
            limit_req zone=api_limit burst=50 nodelay;
            limit_req_status 429;

            proxy_pass http://gateway/;
            proxy_http_version 1.1;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
            proxy_set_header X-Request-ID $request_id;
            proxy_set_header Connection "";

            proxy_connect_timeout 30s;
            proxy_send_timeout 60s;
            proxy_read_timeout 120s;

            proxy_buffering on;
            proxy_buffer_size 4k;
            proxy_buffers 8 16k;
            proxy_busy_buffers_size 32k;

            # 文件上传大小限制
            client_max_body_size 50m;
        }

        # 登录接口严格限流
        location ~* ^/api/(auth|login|oauth) {
            limit_req zone=login_limit burst=5 nodelay;
            limit_req_status 429;

            proxy_pass http://gateway;
            proxy_http_version 1.1;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        }

        # ==================== WebSocket 代理 ====================
        location /ws/ {
            limit_conn ws_conn_limit 10;

            proxy_pass http://gateway/ws/;
            proxy_http_version 1.1;
            proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
            proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;

            proxy_connect_timeout 7d;
            proxy_send_timeout 7d;
            proxy_read_timeout 7d;
        }

        # ==================== MQTT over WebSocket ====================
        location /mqtt {
            proxy_pass http://wm-emqx:8083/mqtt;
            proxy_http_version 1.1;
            proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
            proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_read_timeout 3600s;
        }

        # ==================== GeoServer GIS 代理 ====================
        location /geoserver/ {
            proxy_pass http://wm-geoserver:8080/geoserver/;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;

            # GIS 数据可能较大
            client_max_body_size 100m;
            proxy_read_timeout 300s;
        }

        # ==================== MinIO 对象存储代理 ====================
        location /minio/ {
            proxy_pass http://wm-minio:9000/;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;

            client_max_body_size 500m;
        }

        # ==================== 健康检查 ====================
        location /health {
            access_log off;
            return 200 '{"status":"UP"}';
            add_header Content-Type application/json;
        }

        # 禁止访问隐藏文件
        location ~ /\. {
            deny all;
            access_log off;
            log_not_found off;
        }

        # 错误页面
        error_page 404 /index.html;
        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root /usr/share/nginx/html;
            internal;
        }
    }
}